There are fertility treatments for specific problems such as medicines to cause ovulation when the woman does not ovulate or surgery to correct problems of obstruction of the fallopian tubes. There are also treatments when the cause is not known or there are several causes of infertility. These treatments try to help the natural processes of fertilization or in some cases replace them. Broadly they are called Assisted Reproduction Techniques.
The simplest technique is artificial insemination. In natural fertilization, sperm must swim from the vagina (where they are deposited), enter through the cervix, cross the entire uterus, enter the fallopian tube and reach the most distant part of the tube to fertilize the egg, becoming a long path full of obstacles.
In artificial insemination, sperm are previously prepared in the laboratory and deposited deep in the uterus. In this way, the distance that the sperm must swim is shortened and some obstacles are avoided. The sperm can be from the couple (artificial insemination with the husband’s sperm) or if there are no spermatozoa they can be obtained from a donor or bank (artificial insemination with donated sperm).
Artificial insemination is planned to be done when the ovary releases a mature egg. The time of ovulation is detected with ultrasound scans in the days leading up to ovulation. To increase the chances of pregnancy, medications are often used that stimulate the ovary, producing several mature eggs, increasing the possibility of a normal pregnancy as well as a multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets, etc.).
Artificial insemination is a simple technique but also inefficient. The probability of pregnancy in an insemination cycle fluctuates between 11% and 17%, depending on many factors such as the woman’s age, semen quality and the presence of other infertility problems. For this reason, it is advisable to plan for several attempts (three or four) with which you achieve greater chances of pregnancy.
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